Introduction to Balloons
The word ‘Balloons’ conjures up thoughts in your mind of simple balloons you inflate for children’s parties, or balloons that fly off on their own, or the special balloons for key events like the ones produced for the wedding of Charles and Diana? There are so many different types of balloons on the market that you can get almost anything for any event you want. Balloons are a bright, bouncy item that can be used for lots of different purposes, including children’s or adult parties, product launches for advertising or promotional events.
When you think about it, a balloon is a very strange item. It is something that expands when filled with air or some other type of gas, such as Helium or hydrogen and is very fragile so that it can easily burst. The very first balloons would have been made with non-stretch material but modern balloons have great elasticity because they are made of Latex and can be filled up to create much larger sizes than earlier ones. Balloons come in many different sizes and colours and can brighten up any event and create a festive atmosphere.
Balloons Throughout History
The initial known balloons were very primitive in that they were made out of the bowels of cats. The Aztec Indians in Central and Southern America carefully cleaned out the cat gut, turned it inside out and stitched it with special vegetable thread that stuck to itself when dried in the sun creating an almost airtight seal. The balloons were shaped into model animals and then filled with air to be burnt on the top of the Aztec pyramid as an offering to the sun god. This was probably the first example of balloon modelling.
The first public showing of a balloon was at the Portuguese Court in Lisbon in 1809 by a Portuguese priest, Bartolomeu de Gusmao, and was probably likely to be made from an animal bladder that stretched when filled with air. The modern rubber balloon was invented in eighteen twenty four by Michael Faraday the renowned English chemist and physicist who invented, amongst other many other things, the Faraday cage and he also made huge contributions to the fields electromagnetism and electrochemistry. The balloons Faraday used were filled with hydrogen for his science experiments with Hydrogen, but the more familiar Latex balloon did not appear until 1847. Although the Latex balloon was manufactured in London in the mid 1800′s and early rubber balloons were sold in America in parks and circuses for a penny each; the mass production of them did not occur until 100 years later in 1931.
The world of balloons became more advanced as they developed in line with technology. Now balloons are made from rubber Latex, polychloroprene or nylon and may be filled with air, Helium, hydrogen or water. Filling the balloon with air can be done with the mouth, a manual hand pump, electric inflator, foot pump or with compressed gas. Balloons are used for various differing purposes, and decorated in numerous ways to fit the event.
Some balloons are purely for decoration, others are ideal for specialist uses because of their low density and are relatively cheap to procure. The balloon’s properties have led to them being used in a wide range of other applications in the areas of meteorology, military defence, medical treatment, and transportation.
Different Balloon Types
Good Old Party Balloons
The most popular types of balloons are the ones we are used to seeing at parties, generally a child’s party. These are often bought in small packets and blown up by Mum’s and Dad’s or with a pump to create a festive scene for children’s parties and other kinds of celebratory events. These days you often see a balloon cluster at the entrance to a house or hall to indicate where the party is being held, it has almost become a universal indicator of a party in progress! The balloons come in many different sizes and colours and can have printing on sometimes which expands as the balloon is inflated. Party balloons are almost always made of natural Latex tapped from rubber trees. The rubber’s elasticity makes the dimensions variable. Balloons filled with air usually hold their size and shape much longer than those filled with Helium.
Usually balloons only get inflated with air or Helium gas. Other gases are too dangerous to use.
Mylar(Foil) Balloons
The foil balloon or Mylar balloons first appeared during the late 1970s. They are generally more expensive than Latex balloons and are made of thin non-stretch metalized plastic film or Mylar. The first time I had ever seen them was when they made an appearance at the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer and they caused quite a stir. Mylar balloons have lovely high gloss reflective texture and can be supplied with colour pictures, logos and designs to customise them. The most important attribute of metalized nylon for balloons is its propensity to keep the Helium gas from escaping for several weeks because it is less permeable. Foil balloons also have the benefit of being light weight, longer-lasting with increased buoyancy. They are perfect for unusual celebrations, in-store decorations, parties and for gifts. At my mother’s ninetieth birthday celebration last year my son brought along a foil balloon with 90 printed on it to add to the atmosphere of the party.
Animal-Shaped Balloons
Balloons in animal shapes are ade from metalized nylon which can easily be cut into pieces so that when pressed together they make the three dimensional shapes of animals. Screen printing the appropriate design on the model, makes the chosen animal come realistically alive. Once inflated, these exclusive items make a very bright decorative impact for that special event. Balloons shaped like animals may be used as gifts or as a talking point at your special event. Balloons in animal shapes can make a great birthday gift for a child as an extra indulgence.
Rocket Balloons
Inflating a balloon and letting it go before tying it is as game most youngsters play at some time or another (and adults too)! The rude noise it makes usually has all but the really stone faced falling about laughing as it shoots all over the room. This game is an experiment in how a rocket works and they are called balloon rockets. As a youngster I can remember being enthralled as I learned how they worked.
When the top of the balloon is released, the elasticity of the balloon contracts so that the higher pressure of air inside is forced out causing the balloon to be propelled forward. This is in effect how a rocket works. The balloon can also be inflated with different gases other than air, producing the same results. Balloon rockets are a widely used a learning aid to show the principles in laws of nature of the functioning of a rocket. The balloon rocket is also often used to demonstrate Newton’s third law in physics.
Balloons Filled With Water
The water balloons are obviously filled with water and are intended for youngsters to throw at each other as a game or practical joke with the aim of getting each other wet through. They are generally not as big as normal balloons and made from thin rubber so that they can be easily broken.
Helium Filled Balloons
The reason Helium balloons float in to the sky is because they are filled with Helium gas which is less dense than air. So for an event where balloons are set off into the sky, they will all be Helium filled balloons. If the Helium balloons are rubber balloons they typically only retain their buoyancy for a few days. This is because the Latex has tiny holes that are larger than the enclosed Helium atoms so the Helium gradually leaks out. To increase the flight time of a Helium balloon the inside of the balloons can be coated with a special polymer solution which reduces the leakage of the Helium for a week or more. Having even just one foil Helium filled balloon at a small party can create a special effect to enhance the occasion.Multiple companies provide wholesale balloons find the best deals by searching the net.
Balloon Sculpting
Balloon Sculptures are made from 100′s of balloons to create a solid structure such as a balloon arch, wall or statute. Other shapes are a bit more challenging, but on occasion more ambitious sculptures have been constructed so they are possible. These sculptures are usually made and designed by professional party decorators as it is a very skilled job. Balloon sculptures are really quite restricted because of the round shape of the balloons but with intelligent colour choice simple arches or walls can make an impressive feature at your gathering. The balloons need to be precision filled with exactly the same amount of gas and to do this professional balloon sculptors use electronic equipment to deliver the exact amount of Helium into the balloon. For non-floating balloons air inflators are used. Industrial quality balloons differ from most retail packet balloons as they are bigger in size, stronger and made from one hundred percent biodegradable Latex. Sometimes Helium balloons are used as table decorations for weddings which may have 3 or 5 balloons with an arrangement of flowers. The decoration will normally include curled ribbon with an added weight to stop the balloons from floating away.
Modelling and Art with Balloons
Balloon modelling is a popular entertainment for children and adults alike and is not to be confused with balloon sculptures discussed previously. The Latex employed by balloon modellers is made of extra-stretchy rubber so that it can be manipulated and tied without popping when making the balloon model. A Balloon modelling artist twists and ties the inflated modelling balloons into shapes resembling animals, people or hats. When I have watched these artists at work I am always anxious that the balloons will pop when they are twisting and tying their creations. These tiny tubular balloons are extremely difficult to inflate and usually need a pump to get them started, until you have developed the lungs for it.
Balloon Drops
Most people have seen a party or dance where at the end of the evening hundreds of balloons are dropped from the roof to create excitement and fun amongst the party guests. This is called a balloon drop and is often performed at parties such as New Year’s Eve celebrations or at political rallies and conventions. It is a relatively low budget way of making a festive atmosphere at the party climax, so everyone goes away feeling they have had a really good time.
It is easy enough to create your own balloon drop for your special event providing you have a room with high enough ceilings. Firstly you will need to set up a large plastic bag or net overhead, which is suspended at the required height. Get your assistants to lend a hand with blowing up balloons as it can take a long time to do the number needed. Then pile the inflated balloons into the net and make sure the opening works so that the balloons will fall onto the target area below when they are released. You will also need to devise a mechanism for releasing the balloons. Balloon drops Can also be employed for many other celebrations, such as graduations and weddings.
Choosing quality balloon printing can ensure everyone gets the chance to take home a momento from the day.
Balloon Releases
Due to concerns about the bearing on the environment of a large amount of balloons being released, the NABAS – The Balloon Association have produced a code of conduct that is available on their website at www.nabas.co.uk
If you are arranging a balloon race of more than 5,000 balloons, it is an obligation that you apply in writing for permission to the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) at least 28 days before the event. The CAA also like to be notified about balloon races involving less than 5,000. An application form can be requested by calling either the NABAS office on 01989 762 204 or the Airspace Utilisation Section of the CAA on 020 7453 6599
Balloon Safety and The Environment
Latex is an organic product obtained from rubber trees that are cultivated in certain areas of the tropics, so balloons are completely environmentally friendly being made of natural rubber Latex (NRL). These trees are not cut down to extract the NRL. The NRL is harvested by tapping mature plants and is an crucial sustainable crop providing jobs for many agricultural workers in some of the poorest areas of the world. Latex is a sustainable harvest that is not harmful to the environment and the economy of the country in which the rubber trees grow.
The planting and maintenance of rubber tree plantations contributes towards the prevention of tropical rainforest deforestation. Without the cultivation and the consumption of Latex products the plantations may very well become yet another object of the clearance of land for construction. One of the great benefits of NRL cultivation is the significant contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere that is produced by industrialised nations and is a major source of global warming. The tropical regions in which rubber trees grow are often in some of the poorest parts of the world, so an industry from such a sustainable source is a vital income for the region.
Printed Latex balloons are an absolutely fantastic, low-cost and environmentally friendly way of advertising your promotion or event.
Conclusion
The toy balloon has been a source of pleasure and excitement for many years at celebratory events such as parties, product launches and conferences throughout the world. They have been an educational resource as well as providing hours of fun and play for children and adults alike. Non toy balloons are used for experiments in science, as an aid for heart repair in medicine and even as a form of travel as in the hydrogen air ship idea. Balloons are invaluable in helping us to learn about our world and some of the properties of physics.
When you think about it balloons are a major part of modern day life, did you realise?